Helical Rosette Nanotubes as a Biomimetic Tissue Engineering Scaffold Material

With the rapid development of orthopedic implant technology, various bone implant surgeries and procedures (such as bone fractures, repairing defects, and hip and knee replacements) are routinely performed. Although these surgeries are usually successful operations for up to 15 years, implant failure due to loosening of the prostheses does occur for active or heavy patients. Other patients receiving implants sometimes suffer from inflammation, infection, and foreign body responses which cause intense pain and increase operating costs at the hospital. For this reason, scientists are pursuing a new generation of orthopedic tissue engineering scaffold materials which possess not only mechanical properties similar to those of physiological bone but also cytocompatible surface properties that can more successfully promote the formation and bonding of juxtaposed bone [1].